1945

The Marshall Mission
George Marshall

In December of 1945, President Harry Truman sent me to China to negotiate with the Communist Party of China (CCP) and the Nationalists (Kuomintang and GMD) in order to create unified government. The United States wanted me to make China an independent, unified, democratic nation. Upon my arrival on December 20, 1945, the Chinese people agreed to review my actions and allow me to come and help unties their country. “Their leaders [were] making daily progress toward the settlement… of deep- seated and bitter conflicts which have lasted for 20 years… They are succeeding… in ending hostilities… and are now engaged in the business of demobilizing vast military forces and integrating the remainder into a national army. They have agreed to the basic principles for the achievement in China of political and economic advantages which were centuries coming to Western democracies.” The first task I took was to create a truce between the two militaries. The only way to get them to compromise was by offering them help from U.S. officers. The Chinese agreed that their armies could have no more than three divisions. After reading them the great theories of Benjamin Franklin, they signed a formal agreement to reduce and merge their armies. I brought many American people over to China to help them organize their country and armies. I also asked Americans to donate clothing, food and money for the poor citizens of China. However, my negotiation only lasted about two years. The pace was set too fast and the agreements failed on both sides as time passed. The country soon prepared themselves for ensuing conflict. I decided to leave China, showing that there was no hope in creating a peaceful and central government. China then fell into civil war, where the Kuomintang was driven from the continent by the Communist Party, establishing the People’s Republic of China. Some can debate that their coming to power was my fault, while others say that I was the only one who gave Kuomintang a change. Whichever the case, I know that I was only there to establish an organized Chinese country.

1949

Peoples Republic of China

Mao Zedong

I have become a Marxist while I served in the revolutionary army during the Chinese revo

lution,

"Armed with Marxist-Leninist theory and ideology, the Communist Party of China has brought a new style of work to the Chinese people, a style of work which essentially entails integrating theory with practice, forging close links with the masses and practising self-criticism."

I have worked as a Kuomintang political organizer in Shanghi and with the help of the Soviet Union the Kuomintang increased in power. Finally after Chiang Kai-Shek agreed to collaborate with my communist army we made an effort in beating the Japanese. When the Second World War arose my organized and well equipped guerilla forces began a war against the nationalists led by Chaing Kai-Shek. The Japanese surrendered, and we were able to gain control of the country. Today is October 1, 1949, “The Chinese people have stood up!”. The Peoples Republic of China has established. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has helped our country significantly. We now declare this land ours! Thankfully the Political Consultative Conference is advising us to make sure we do not make the same mistakes we did in the past. The CPPCC speaks for the people, making important national leveled political decisions. Luckily we have them to watch our backs. The National Peoples Congress is meant for the people, supervising the enforcementof the constitution and electing the highest government officials. With them we are able to move forward as a nation and fight the opposing struggles we have to face .

1950

The Korean War
Peng Dehuai

As the marshal of People's Republic of China (PRC), I and the rest of the intellectual leaders felt that it was best to invade Korea. We wanted to preserve the North Korean Communist State, but not dominate it. Instead, we wanted North Korea to serve as a buffer between Manchuria and the US dominated South Korea. With this war, we believed, this was not going to happen. It was our best interest to enter the war and fight for what we wanted. Also, the United States promised not to cross the 38th parallel, which they instead did. The 38th parallel is the division between the North and South Korea. We did not want the United States in the North because we wanted to keep it as a communist state. So, on October 25, the Peoples Republic of China attacked the Republic of Korea and a week later, defeated American troops in Unsan in North Korea, the first Chinese-American combat of the war. MacArthur, an American general, constantly changed his defense, prepared a new offensive and tried several ways to defeat our army. However, our Army was extremely strong due to our extended civil war and battles against the invading Japanese during WWII. We also decided that when we fight the US, the initial attack would have to be as efficient as possible, a surprise-attack. We led our troops to the Yalu River, the border line of China and North Korea, during the night to attack the American army. Our tactics caught Americans of guard, who never suspected a thing. The PRC army kept winning battles and defeating the American troops. We had the ability to encircle them and counter attack many of their offensive raids. We even accomplished the goal of defeating their eighth army, one of their strongest forces. It wasn’t until Marshall planned an atomic bombing of our country that we smelt the stench of fear. However, before Marshall went through with his idea, a revived and re-strengthened eight army came to his rescue. With their Operation Killer and Ripper, they were able to kill many of our men. Further attacks slowly repelled our forces. The Korean People Army, the United Nations and we could not agree on a system of repatriation because many of Korean and Chinese soldiers refused to be repatriated back to the north which was unacceptable to us and the North Koreans. We had lost many battles and were beginning to believe that we were going to be defeated. So as a reluctant agreement, we signed the Korean Armistice Agreement. It claimed that, “with its great toil of suffering and bloodshed on both sides, and with the objective of establishing an armistice which will insure a complete cessation of hostilities and of all acts of armed force in Korea until a final peaceful settlement is achieved, do individually, collectively, and mutually agree to accept and to be bound and governed by the conditions and terms of armistice set forth in the following articles and paragraphs, which said conditions and terms are intended to be purely military in character and to pertain solely to the belligerents in Korea…”

After the war was over, Operation Glory was conducted to allow combatant countries to exchange their dead. The PRC lost approximately 400,000 men. We and KPA published a joint declaration which reported that the armies had "eliminated 1.09 million enemy forces, including 390,000 from the United States, 660,000 from South Korean, and 29,000 from other countries." No breakdown was given for the number of dead, wounded, and captured.

The war concluded with us being ignored by the overconfident Eastern Command under General MacArthur. MacArthur’s pride and failure to comprehend the reality of the situation led the entire United Nations army to near disasters. The only thing that held these defenses together was hold of the United Nation’s line during the retreats from North Korea. Once tied together and under new and better leadership, these men were able to persevere and continue to fight our strong army.

In my personal opinion, the only reason we entered this war was to keep a “safe zone” so that no countries would interrupt our internal reconstruction to that of a communist country. We did not want other countries to believe that they had a chance of overthrowing the CCP and change China into a democratic state. We also did not want to damage our economy’s development, or to be exploited by other countries.

1951 and 1952

Three Anti and Five Anti Campaign
The Communist Party of China

Yet another one of our movements was a failure. In this case, two campaigns fell through the cracks of our imaginations for future China. The Three-anti Campaign, during 1951 and Five-anti Campaign, during 1952, were two movements we wanted to make after the founding of my People’s Republic. These campaigns were an attempt to discard any cities that were corrupt or enemies of the state. The result of my campaigns did not end as we planned, but instead brought us to a new rank of power.

The first of the two campaigns was the Third- anti, launched in Manchuria at the end of 1951. It was aimed at members within the Communist Party of China, former Kuomintang members and bureaucratic officials who were not party members. The three objectives that we had were to eliminate corruption, waste and bureaucracy.

The Five-anti campaign was started in January of 1952. It was designed to target the capitalist class. The Communist party set a very vague guideline of who could be charged, as it became an all out war against the bourgeoisie in China. Deng Xiaoping warned the people "not to be corrupted by capitalist thinking". The 5 objectives that we had were to get rid of bribery, theft of state property, tax evasion, cheating on government contracts and stealing state economic information.

We sent out 26,000 men and women workers to spy and watch over business affairs of the citizens in China. Up to 15,000 trained propagandists were working in Shanghai by late 1951. By February 1952 many anti-Capitalist went door-to-door, visiting business leaders. It created a lot of psychological pressure on the leaders, warning them to stay in line. Criticism letters from employees were also made and delivered to Shanghi and the People's Republic of China.

The victims of these antis’ campaigns were terrified and humiliated, killed, or sent to labor camps. The Three-Antis Campaign had usually harsher punishments, including brutal torture, and if one was found guilty of their confessed or un-confessed crimes. They were forced to pay fines to the government. There were hundreds of thousands of suicides that were a direct result of these campaigns. The Communist party claimed that they were not going to protect private businesses anymore. Chinese capitalists would be threatened like foreign capitalists. Many capitalists borrowed money from the same government to pay off government fines, creating a complex financial pattern. These two campaigns only lead for more to follow.

1957

Hundred Flowers Campaign
Mao Zedong

In the year of 1956, I, Mao Zedong, have decided to take control of Zhou Enlai and the People's Republic of China. My reason for this action is to allow intellectuals and leaders to discuss the country of China’s problems and create new forms of art and cultural instruction, as well as to promote socialism. After talking to my fellow leaders, my speeches would conclude with the thought that socialist ideology is dominant over capitalism. In a later speech I gave, titled On the Correct Handling of the Contradictions Among the People, I displayed open support for this campaign, saying "Our society cannot back down, it could only progress... criticism of the bureaucracy is pushing the government towards the better." This marked the beginning of the Hundred Flowers Movement. The speech, published on February 27th 1957, encouraged people to vent their criticisms as long as they were constructive rather than hateful and destructive, the theme of this movement. Also during this speech, I encouraged ideas from everyone saying, “Letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend is the policy for promoting progress in the arts and the sciences and a flourishing socialist culture in our land.” Despite making it seem as if I am equal man, I was trying to signal what I wanted from the intellectuals of my country and the different and competing ideologies to voice their opinions about the issues of the day.

The campaign of the Hundred Flowers reached the public during the late 1956, shortly after it was truly started. The campaign started off slow, with only disusing minor and unimportant events and details. The Communist Party of China, or the central government, did not receive very many complaints either, from the people, or intellectuals of China. I started to believe that this campaign was a waste of time, and was not going to have much of an impact on anything. Zhou also noticed this uncertainty in the movement, and so he told me that I should get the central bureaucracy to encourage the intellectual leaders to go into further discussion. Though I did as I was told, no result came out of it. So by the spring of 1957, I asked for criticism of the CCP by the Chinese citizens. After this desperate call, people started to act upon my speeches and began to take actions about their concerns. Many people had much to say about the CPP. Taking an example of a student at Peking University who, "… protested CCP control over intellectuals, the harshness of previous mass campaigns such as that against counterrevolutionaries, the slavish following of Soviet models, the low standards of living in China, the proscription of foreign literature, economic corruption among party cadres, and the fact that 'Party members [enjoyed] many privileges which make them a race apart'"

To me, the concerns and opinions of the people were a "healthy criticism," however to Zhou Enlai, he began to believe what they had been saying. As the criticism continued and more and more people began to state their thoughts, the campaign became too difficult to control. People wanted me and my CCP to give up power, saying that there was a lack of freedom. By July 1957, I had enough of the complaining and criticism of my ideas. I could not take the lack of respect for my government, so I ended the campaign. Those who protested against me were sent to labor camps, prison or were persecuted, tortured, or killed. This showed China who their true leader really

1958

Great Leap Forward
Mao Zedong

My main objective was to bring China into the forefront of economic prosperity. I wanted China to become one of the world’s leading industrial powers. It would start with the construction of steel plants across the country and become a larger producer then Britain and the United States. My dream of my revolution is to help the peasants of our country; they would reap the benefits of our economic growth. Having become disenchanted with the Soviet-style development strategy I believed mobilization would allow us to develop both our industry and agriculture. A task that was supposed to be accomplished in fifteen years I had to squeeze into one year. This meant an average of eighteen percent increase of coal, electricity and steel production in one year, 1958. At one point there were 600,000 factories throughout China where unstable metal was produced. China was reformed into many communes were formed due to modernization. Some communes even contained up to 5000 families. People gave up their own belongings including animals and their ownership of tools. Almost no one worked for themselves. The commune controlled the life of an individual. They were centers for economic and technical progress. However, things started to go wrong. Farm machines that were quickly produced

began to fall apart. Thousands of workers were injured after the long hours at their jobs, and building made out of cheap steel did not last long. I attempted reforms to counter the challenges the communes faed but these changes proved to be too difficult and were never achieved. Mother nature further aggravated with our problems In 1959, floods hit some areas of China, while in other areas drought was a problem. Over nine million people starved to death in 1960 alone, we were desperate to ease the suffering. I decided the government should start rationing but it did very little. By 1962, 20 million people died of starvation and other miserable diseases. I will admit, I made one of the biggest mistakes that nearly destroyed China. It was not a leap forward but a huge step backwards. I think myself and the communist party needs to look at our performance.

"The chaos caused was on a grand scale, and I take responsibility. Comrades, you must all analyze your own responsibility. You will feel much better for it."

This plan was ultimately deemed a failure, and was abandoned in 1960.

1966

The Cultural Revolution
Deng Xiaoping

We have decided enough is enough; elimination of our political opponent is best for our success. There can be no more socialist movements in our country; the restoration of capitalism needs to occur. We need to step forward and help our leader Mao to bring China to their reign of power. A Cultural Revolution is needed to put capitalism back on track and annex bureaucratization

Although the bourgeoisie has been overthrown, it is still trying to use the old ideas, culture, customs, and habits of exploiting classes to corrupt the masses, capture their minds, and endeavor to stage a comeback. The proletariat must do just the opposite. It must meet head-on every challenge of the bourgeoisie in the ideological field and use the new ideas, culture, customs, and habits of the proletariat to change the mental outlook of the whole of society. At present, our objective is to struggle against and crush those persons in authority who are taking the capitalist road, to criticize and repudiate the reactionary bourgeois academic "authorities" and the ideology of the bourgeoisie and all other exploiting classes and to transform education, literature and art, and all other parts of the superstructure that do not correspond to the socialist economic base, so as to facilitate the consolidation and development of the socialist system.

On August 8, 1966, we, the CCP, passed the “Decision Concerning the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution,” also known as “the 16 Points.” The sixteen pointes granted great amounts of freedom to the people of China. The freedoms include the right to speak out freely, to air one’s views fully, to write big- character posters, and to hold great debates. Eight days later, approximately 11million of Red Guards, who are students mobilized by Mao, gathered in Beijing to meet Mao. At the Tiananmen Square gates, Mao and Lin Biao made many appearances to the Red Guards, praising them for their actions of campaigning socialism and democracy. The Red Guards were children of the Chinese schools which Mao closed down. The sixteen points, at this point, were on their way to victory.

One of the main focuses of the Cultural Revolution was the abolishment of the “Four Olds,” old customs, old culture, old habits, and old ideas. Anyone who did not have a communist background was challenged for corruption and sent to prison. Torturing and killing by the Red Guards, and suicide by the people of China led to many deaths throughout the rebellion of the Cultural Revolution. Religious persecution and abolishment of religious buildings were common during this time. In the months of August and September, there were 1,772 people murdered in Beijing, and in Shanghai there were 704 suicides and 534 deaths related to this revolution. In Wuhan there were 62 suicides and 32 murdered. Mao believed in all this killing, stating, “This man Hitler was even more ferocious. The more ferocious the better, don't you think? The more people you kill, the more revolutionary you are.”

Mao Zedong, on August 22, 1966, issued a public notice, which stopped "all police intervention in Red Guard tactics and actions." Those in the police forces, who dared to defy this notice, were labeled "counter-revolutionaries." This only strengthened the revolution and the power of the Red Guards. Mao continued to praise the Red Guards from many months. He also continued to threaten many different actions and people throughout China, labeling them Counter Revolutionaries. Actions, words and thoughts of counter revolutionary acts (you already say “actions” in this sentence), could lead one to be killed. The current proposition of Mao seemed very different than the recent sixteen points he put in place.

As the Red Guards’ power grew stronger and stronger, they began to fight themselves as separate units. Each unit believed that it knew best how China should proceed and be ruled. On July 22, Jiang Qing directed the Red Guards to replace the People's Liberation Army if necessary, making them powerless.
In the spring of 1968, the end of the Cultural Revolution, another campaign began, promoting Mao Zedong to god-like status. On July 27, 1968, the Red Guards' power over the army was ended and a year later, the Red Guard factions were dismantled entirely. In early October, Mao sent any official who was disloyal to him to work in labor camps and then in December, Mao began the "Down to the Countryside Movement". In this movement, intellectuals, or any graduated middle school student living in cities, were ordered to go to the countryside.

The Cultural Revolution resulted in hundreds of thousands of officials and intellectuals physically and mentally persecuted. China’s education and cultural life was completely out of sorts because the youth were out of school for two years. Economic development was disrupted by factional strife and misguided policies. The Cultural Revolution also brought internal power struggles within the Communist party, with local government lacking organization and stability.

1975

Kuomintang

Chiang Kai-Shek

It is now 1975 and I am 87 years old and I’m dying. My heart is weak. My only hope is that people will appreciate the establishment of Kuomintang. It marked the end of imperialism and the beginning of a new and better China. I attended school at Ningbo where I studied law and politics; I am tired of China being at constant war amongst warlords. I want to be part of a revolutionary movement to overthrow the declining Qing Dynasty, if not, China will continue to be taken advantage of by the imperialistic European Powers. Our loss in the Opium Wars has weakened China. Something had to be done. We knew we had to set up our own Chinese Republic. I had first decided to go to the Baoding Military Academy in Japan to start a military career. I have also joined the Tongmenghui which is a secret movement organized by Sun Yat-Sen. We wanted to establish a republic and distribute land equally among the people (socialism). Our political party joined with others, we had all combined to become the Kuomintang (KMT) also known as the Nationalist Party. Sung Chioo-Jen and Sun Yat are the leaders of the KMT. We once successfully overthrew the Qing Dynasty and had gained a majority for the First National Assembly, establishing a modern Chinese republic. The Revolutionary Alliance was a gathering of several Chinese groups whose members went to Japan to study at their universities. An unfortunate turn of events, Yuan Shikai who is president after helping us get rid of the emperor has had one of our party leaders assassinated, Sung Jiaren. We wanted to obtain the majority of seats in parliament so that the legislative branch could control Yuan Shikai. Song Jiaren won 269 of the 596 seats. He was expected to become premier of the republics new single-part cabinet and establish the Chinese constitution so it was closer and alike to the British. Yuan was not going to let this happen, he assassinated Song in Shanghai in March of 1913. All that rebelled against him were going to have a rough time. In 1919 I returned to China with Dr. Sun because Yuan Sikai has died. We needed to grow KMT again. And in 1923 KMT had now accepted aid form the Soviet Union since no other international nation would recognize the United States. The same year I went to Moscow to study political studies and techniques so I was able to become a stronger lieutenant under Dr. Sun. As the KMT and The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) were cooperating with each other with the help of our soviet advisors we had all adopted Sun’s political platform: Three principles of the people, which are Nationalism, democracy and livelihood of the people. He developed these principles while in Japan. The principle for nationalism calls for the Han Chinese to overthrow Manchus, who ruled them under the Qing Dynasty. Democracy referred to a more republican ruled government. The principle of livelihood refers to the ownership of land and the means of production to help the common people. Sadly, in 1925 Dr. Sun had passed away but this made me the KMT leader, I wanted to continue the Sun’s work but I no longer wanted the communist influence that was getting too strong. I wanted them expelled. I wanted to start the Northern Expedition with our revolutionary forces and unify our country. This was difficult because the communists have staged an uprising in Nanjing. In 1927 there was a civil war between the KMT and the CCP. Thank goodness both of our left and right wing KMT’s were able to unite and defeat the communists. We were strong enough to set up the National Government of China in Najing and Beijing. We had succeeded in reuniting China! The communist bases were now of out southern and central China. I had the goal in 1935 to rid our country of communists. Of course, right as I think things were going smoothly, I was kidnapped. I had been kidnapped by people within my own KMT party and CCP leaders. I had given in to their requests and I made an agreement to a united front against Japan. And two years later after being kidnapped we were in the middle of World War II, but China now had the new allied United States and Great Britain. Our party now controls most of the urban areas but I still fear the warlords and communists in the country if we are losing support among the peasants. During 1945 to 1949 we were now in a full-scale civil war against the communists again. I was unable to control the corruption within the KMT and the communists within China. I also sensed that the United States and Great Britain were no longer backing our Nationalist party because they knew we were going to lose. They have suspended aid. The war had weakened KMT support. Going into the 50’s Mao Zedong and his people’s liberation Army had gained control over Mainland China. I was forced to flee to the island of Taiwan where I chose to set-up my Nationalist government. I put in place temporary provisions where I had total authoritarian leadership until we knew we were able to return to the mainland and oust the communists. Luckily in 1950 I was elected by the National assembly to be the President of the Republic of China and I claimed sovereignty over all of China. In 1950 I choose to develop China into a powerful economic power and encourage economic development. I had yet to defeat the communists on our mainland at this point. In 1971, terrible news arose. The United Nations only recognized the People’s Republic of China under Mao Zedong as the only representative of China. We (Taiwan) had lost our seat and representation.
"We live in the present, we dream of the future and we learn eternal truths from the past"

KMT continues to be very active in The Republic of China on Taiwan. It is known as the pan-blue coalition favoring Chinese reunification; it does not want Taiwan independence.

Journal Entries

To understand China and its people its important to look at her history. China is one of the world's oldest nations. Over the past 5,000 years it has endured wars, emperors, invasions, rebellions, natural disasters and foreign exploitation. Zhu De, Sun Yat-Sen, Chiang Kai-Shek, Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping are some of the leaders whose ideas and goals revolutionized China and it's culture politics and economy. Each played an integral part in shaping Chinese history.

1922

Zhu De

On October 1922 I had joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League. I helped Chou En-Lai organize the German headquarters of the Kuomintang, but I was arrested twice with demonstrations leading me to be expelled from Germany in 1926. Luckily I arrived at China at the right time, it was the height of the Northern Expedition where I became a dictator. When the Nationalists fought with the Communists I retreated Canton and eventually to the base of Mao where I became commander in chief. I then successfully defended and extended the base area and in 1934 I became a member of the Political Bureau of the party. I planned the evacuation and subsequent Long March to northwestern China. Together with Mao Zedong, we made a formidable team during the communist struggle to power,

“The Long March The Red Army is not afraid of hardship on the march, the long march. Ten thousand waters and a thousand mountains are nothing. The Five Sierras meander like small waves, the summits of Wumeng pour on the plain like balls of clay. Cliffs under clouds are warm and washed below by the River Gold Sand. Iron chains are cold, reaching over the Tatu River. The far snows of Minshan only make us happy and when the army pushes through, we all laugh. October 1935”

It was a massive military retreat by the Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party where our goal was to evade the Kuomintang army. Due to my strong, able, and experienced military commission, the communists, under my command escaped a circling retreat to the west and north. My bravery and skill in leading my men gave me much honor and prestige. This did not surprise me though, because my inner strengths were tested years ago when I successfully overcame an opium addiction. The Long Match ended when we broke through three encircling lines of the Kuomintang troops and went through a very difficult. 8,000-mile route. Our successful retreat was the best way to avoid annihilation; we would come back and succeed another time. This will allow our army to re cooperate and rebuild in Northern China.

1924

Sun Yat-Sen

My studies at the Iolani School in Honolulu introduced me to the American System of Economics. Despite getting my doctorate degree in medicine in Hong Kong my true passion was politics. Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address particularly inspired me. “Government of the people, by the people for the people.” I became increasingly dissatisfied with our Qing government; this dynasty

was not going to build a modern China. I found it necessary to start my own revolutionary party. Initially called the Tongmenghui it later became known as the Kuomintang. There were many outside forces opposed to my revolutionary ideas, at one point I had to seek a asylum in Japan after my unsuccessful revolt against Yuan Shikai. Eventually I was able to regroup the Kuomintang and return to China where I was elected president and I was finally able to lay the groundwork for our political system. The “ Three Principles of the People” (nationalism, democracy and social well being) were the fundamentals of my revolutionary agenda. I believed that the Chinese government should be controlled by the Chinese rather that a foreign imperial house. I believe the land that people own should be equalized amongst the people. Wealth should be equally distributed and the government should mitigate the effects of capitalism,

“ All through my revolutionary career I have held the view that China must be made a republic. There is no ground for preserving a monarchial form of government since it is widely recognized that the people constitute the foundation of a nation and they are equal in their own country”

I am convinced if my Three Principles are enforced we will be able to establish a democracy; freedom peace and equality in China.

1949

Chiang Kai-Shek

It is now January 1949; I have led the Nationalists into disaster and let Beijing fall to the communists. I have resigned and I think it is time to no longer be the president of China. I am now in Taiwan where I am creating the Public Of China, as a last resort against the communist Chinese. It all started when I went to Japan at the age of eighteen, thinking I was there to study at Tokyo’s Military Preparatory College, but the person I met there would change my future forever. His name is Sun Yat-Sen Four years later in 1911, I returned to China to help fight in the revolution to overthrow the Ching dynasty. The Kuomintang Nationalist party was founded a year later under his name. After a series of bloody and internal conflicts I became the dictator of China, but my job was never secure. It was a controversial event that not only changed my country but the rest of the world as well. My task was to create an army for the Nationalists also known as the Guomindang. After Sun Yat-sen’s death I had several advantages to take over my rivals, my strong army and my politically central position in China. By June of 1928 I was able to control all of Canton, Beijing, and Nanking these huge cities only making me the new chairman and commander in chief of the army stronger. It was April 1934 where two armies were locked in an intense combat. Us, the nationalist had an overwhelming military advantage and were using it to surround and destroy the communists. The communists were desperate for a solution and their risky decisions changed the country of China forever. Rather then defeating the warlords and unifying all of China, I took control of the Nationalist party. I kept alliances with many of them. Emerging communist. I wanted to preserve social order; I knew the communists would aim for nothing else that a total revolution. An uprising that would overthrow my one million men and I, the reds were a force that needed to be stopped. I wanted the communists to surrender and obey the nationalist government. It was September 18, 1931 when my forces were closing in on the Jagang province. Nearly 1000 miles North from us the Japanese army had invaded Manchuria, they did not ignore our valuable, natural resources like we thought. As they moved into the northeast I sent my forces to the north. I was in a terrible situation, the Japanese army was on the move in the north and the red army was in the south.

1966

Liu Shaoqi

I have always been a great organizer and had much experience in communist politics. While I worked agreeably for over twenty years with Chairman Mao Zedong we realized out differences. Mao was a proud, melodramatic man, with a vivid and original imagination making him undoubtingly more popular than me. He was the cause for the great Chinese proletarian revolution, which made me have potential to become his successor. He viewed me as passive, and someone who constantly tried to mediate conflicts. In the end I’m the one who did not let personal factors interfere with my dedication to China. Mao did the wrong thing, placing all his emphasis on mass mobilization.

“True enough, the average Party comrade is far from possessing the great gifts and profound scientific knowledge of the founders of Marxism-Leninism, and most of our comrades cannot attain to their deep and broad erudition in the theory of proletarian revolution. But it is perfectly possible for our comrades to grasp the theory and method of Marxism-Leninism, cultivate the style of Marx and Lenin in work and in struggle, constantly heighten their revolutionary quality and become statesmen of the type of Marx and Lenin, if they really have the will, take a really conscious and consistent stand as vanguard fighters of the proletariat, really acquire the communist world outlook, never isolate themselves from the current deep and great revolutionary movement of the proletariat and all the laboring masses, and exert themselves in study, self-tempering and self-cultivation.”

I am now the newly appointed chairman of the People’s Republic of China. I am doing all I can to concentrate on the system of central planning to make up for the devastating affects on the so-called Great Leap Forward. I have abandoned the Great Leap Forwards’ institutions and policies. I think with slow and steady growth we can make our government stronger and increase the cooperation between the masses after the failure of the Great Leap Forward Plan.

1992

The Legacy of Deng Xiaoping
I would like to thank you all for gathering here today to celebrate the rebirth of the legacy we had all come to know, Deng Xiaoping. He was a leader, guider and a single man who has made a footprint on all of our hearts. He was the one to shape China’s economy and pave a new path for our future. Deng was a politician, statesman, theorist, diplomat and sole leader of our Chinese Communist Party. He was also an exceptional leader and contributor to the People’s Republic of China. Deng first began his governmental construction by contributing to the final Communist victory that drove Jiang's, a Communist Party leader, forces off mainland China to Taiwan. He was then summoned to Beijing to fulfill important national offices, which he successfully completed. In 1955, he gained appointment to the CCP Politburo, the nation's central decision-making body. Deng was arrested a few years later for being condemned as a "capitalist in-roader;" where he was then sent off to a tractor factory for political "reeducation." Deng was always a defender of the communist system, but he soon realized that it is limited when it came to managing the national economy. Therefore he made a political compromise which freed up many of the Western-style market economic power, while taking steps to ensure the supremacy of the Communist Party. Deng created the economic liberalization program, which was released in December 1978 as the Third Plenum of the CCP's Central Committee. It was officially called the "Four Modernizations," which intended to modernize China's agriculture, industry, science, and technology. This new system created free markets, foreign investment, decentralized controls, greater emphasis on production of consumer goods over traditional heavy industries, and a completely new outlook on national priorities. Deng also improved China's economy by gaining closer ties with the United States, Japan, and the Soviet Union. Deng was able to produce enormous wealth for the Chinese people. Despite Deng’s leadership and strength, he never was granted any titles. Deng never lived to see his plan and goal of having a socialist market economy flourish. We continue his legacy of advancing the free market in China as well as his many other contributions. Deng has been like a god, giving us the power and strength to survive. Let us all bow our heads and pray to this man of help. “It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice.”

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